Reinforced concrete car structure.



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Patented Nov. 1, 1910.

G. M. GRAHAM.

REINFORCED CONCRETE GAR STRUCTURE. APPLICATION IILBD 1122.21, 1909.

G..M. GRAHAM; REINFORCED GONGRBTE GAR STRUCTURE.

APPLICATION IILEILA PR. 21, 1909.

974,659. Patented Nov. 1, 1910.

4 SHEETSSHEET 2.

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a? 1! i 1 10 I V 4 G. M. GRAHAM.

REINFORCED CONCRETE GAR STRUCTURE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 21, 1909- Patented Nov. 1, 1910.

4 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

G. M. GRAHAM. REINPOROED'GONCRETE GAR STRUCTURE.

APPLICATION FILED APR. 21, 1908.

Patented NOY.1,1910.

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I RN 5 I GEORGE 1t. GRAHAM, or cmonso,

ILLIH 01S,

ASSIG-NOB, BY KEEN}? .QSSIGNKEHZS, 53

SUSPENSION STEEL CONCRETE COMPANY, A GOEPORA5ION"0F BELAWA RE.

REINFQRCED CONCRETE CAR STRUCTURE.

Specification of Letters Patent. Application med-April 21, 1909.

."Eatented Her, 1., 1910. Serial No. 4211,3 :78.

To all whom it may concern: I

Be it known that I, Game's M. GRAHAM, a citizen of the United States of America, and a resident of'Chicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented I certain new and useful Ina rovements in Reinforced Concrete Gar 'gtructures, of whichthe following is a specification.

This invention relates to certain improvements on the subject matter of In prior Letters Patent No. 865,490,.issued eptember 10, 1907, for reinforced concrete construction, and has for its object to provide a simple and eflicient structural arrangement and combination of parts, more especially adapted for use in the formation of car bodies, boat hulls and like portable structures, requiring lightness and great strength combined, all as will'hereinafter more fully up ear.

n the accompanying drawin s: Figure 1, is a side elevation of one half of the skeleton reinforcin frame of a boxcar body, embodying the present invention. Fig. 2, is an end elevation of the same. Figs. 3, 4

and 5 are detail sectional elevations of a wall of the structure, and illustrating the series of steps employed in the erection of the same. Fig. 6, is an enlarged detail transverse sectional elevation on line a2w, Figs. 1 and 7, of the skeleton frame and means of attachment to the underframe of the car. Fig. 7, is a detail longitudinal sectional elevation on line 00 -421, Fig. 6. Fig.8, is a detail longitudinal sectional elevation of the same on line w -x Fig. 6.

Similar numerals of reference indicate like parts in the several views.

deferring to the drawings, 1 represents a longitudinal outer or side sill; 2 an end sill, and 3 a cross tie of an ordinary structural metal under or floor frame, of emailway box car body, and which special construction is merely employed to illustrate a practical application of the present invention to a portable structure.

4t are the lower horizontal beams; 5 the intermediate horizontal beams; 6 the upper horizontal beams; 7 and 8 the corner and I 1 intermediate posts, and 9 the arched roof beams, all of which are formed of round tubing and secured together by coupling pieces 10, to constitute a skeleton frame which su ports the wire or red skeieton centers, ...ereinafter described, and the mass of concrete which forms the wails and other portions of the structure. iihe ecu pling pieces 10 just referred to, are icrefei ably or the construction descrihed in my companion application fer Letters Patent, Serial Number 491,3et3 flied Aprii 21, 19%.

As in my former patented construction, the skeleton wire or rod centers, above referred to, are farmed by verticai and horizontai wi'ndings cr strands Hand 12.. of

wire or rod nietai of the required unseat. arranged in crossed relation and enacted apart to form a mesh approximating twelve inches square, and as hereinafter more fuiiy set forth.

In the present improvement each vertical wire or rod strand at'the sides of the car body will be continuous as to both vertical side walls, and r002. or upper and substantially horizontal portion of the structure and will be formed as follows:-One end of the wire ,or rod is looped around an intermediatehorizontai beam 5, and secured upon the Wire or rod by a coil splice 13; the wire is then carried down and around a lower horizontal beam 4': and thence up at the opposite side of the intermediate horizontal beam 5 aforesaid; thence up to the upper horizontal beam 6 and across to the opposite upper horizontal beam 6; thence do'i'n pastthe opposite intermediate beam 5 to the opposite lower horigaontal beam a and around the same, then to the aforesaid opposite intermediate horizontal beam 5, around which it is looped'and its end formed into a final attaching coil splice 13 engaging the wire or rod strand at the opposite side of said beam. In like manner each vertical wi e or rod strand at the ends of the car body will be continuous as to the end walls and the roof, or upper substantially horizontal portion of the structure, and will be formed in the same manner as above described in connection withthe vertical side And where the upper or root wall strands. portion of the structure is made of the curved or arch form shown in Fi 2, the series of longitudinai strands of tie skeleton center thereof, will be preferably arranged undermost in order to series of transverse strands aforesaid in the support the similar manner to their SEE required plane lo constitute an embedded portion oi the completed. roof.

Each horizontal Wire or rcd strand be tween the lower and the inlcrinedislie beams l and iibe structure will be formed'in a above described, with the exception that the Winding Will continue back in a reverse direction, and end and be attached oi; the some point at which co1nmencenient was in lllfi' case of a box car body, the subject of ill ustrotion in the pre ent drawings, the aforesaid horizontal "Will ing-s will commence an; a vertical post 8 forming e.- janib of the central door; my of the car body; from thence extend along the cflacenc cor side, across the. our end, along the other side, looped around l'lie other jsnibflposc olilic other side of the car body, back in be course to the first mentioned snib post from whence com- Janenceinent was made, and e. final attachment effected.

Elicia horizontal wire rod or strand between ilie intermediate 23nd upper beams 5 and (i, will be formed in an identical manner to that above described in connection with ine verbicsl windings, and will commence at 2. vertical post fori'ning e jainb of the doorway, from thence extend along the adjacent sides, across the cor end, along the other car side to the jcmb post at the other side of the our body, loopedoround said post and secured by a coil splicein tlie inanner before described.

in both instances, two. independent series of horizontal strands will be formed in die structure, each individual to a. respeciive end'poriion of the car body, with the cenlzrs" doorways of ilie some constituting the line of scperciion.

The described series of sleps in the application of each wire or strand will be effected nnder iensic'i, so first when the Wind inp; led lbs some will be undern pedeaerniineo 'tensionel stress. And said tension. may be consisntly maintained duroi' ilie opereiion, or be ap-' inn; l ne progress plied, as a. single iensio'ning operation, before the linsl loop, heretofore described, is made in the Wire or rod strand and. just previous to tbe iormolion of: clue final attaching coil splice 13.

ll lien so desired loops may be formed in the diiierent Wire or rod strands and at the proper points by encircling the different horizontal and vertical beanie with the wire od strands, and with s View to oliord be? individual rigidity to His different of the open-"frame panels center is former were ,VVbilc the upper portion of said sides and ends of the box car body are formed by a single skeleton center. and is adapied to sil'ordthe requisite lightness required in such upper portions of the car bod The floor portion of the structure is pre erubly Formed by crossed wire or rod Windings applied in the manner set forth in do tail inmy former Patent No. 865,490, aforesaid, and in case such floor is made of reinforced concrete.

14 dire bracing Wire or rod strands extend ing in opposite diagonal directions on the sides and ends of the car body, from the lower bczuns l so the upper beams 6, and

roof beams 7, and attached to the respeclive' beams in immediately adjacent relation to the aforesaid vertical Wire or rod strands 11., and preferably by the loops and coil splices described in connection with said vertical strands. In the preferred construe-- tion, ssiddiagonal strends will loop sronnd the intermediate beams 5, in adjacent relation' to the loops of the vertical strands around said beams, with a VlBW lo attain a greater local bracing of the frame inez'nbers in their proper position.

The skeleton frame with its skeleton coir tors arranged and connected together in the manner above described, is attached as '21 Whole to the underfmme of the railway cm by the Following menns:15 are. elongated 4 se' cured to the outer longitudinal sills 1 the car body'under'frame aforesaid. 18 are ,bolt-s passing down through said knees and through the horizontal flanges of tnejongle brackets 17 and provided with attaching; nuts on their lower ends as shown. In the preferred construction the upper licadcd ends of said bolts are arranged in recesses in the upper faces of the saddle pieces, so as to be clear of-tlie lower beams 4 when in place, and not interfere with a. proper 11ssembloge of the parts. The side portions or Wings'of/tlie saddle piece 15 are pref-- embly of a counterpart construction to the; of The members. ofllie angle coupling: pieces 10, heretofore described, in order ilmt {be some bolts which connect said couplii-igg pieces to the beams l may be employedto secure the saddle pieces 15 to said beams, by" passing the fastening: bolts 10 through the respective coupling members, side Wing's and beams as illustrated in Fig. 7. 19 are angle brackets secured lo ibe cross lies 2% oi the car body i'i nlerirsine, Willi their horiimliliil images adsped lo receive boii's 3 l 'cli eitlend up and rlirouggii Washers 21 resting upon the slrel. of o concr floor to slimton center comprising in part, a series of additional connection of the car body to the underfranic at such points as may be found necessary or desirable.

22 are sheets of wire fabric arranged at opposite sides of, aiiddirectly against, the wire or rod centers 11, 12 aforesaid, and clipped thereto in any usual manner. Such sheets of wire fabric are of a fine mesh, and, in practice the plastic mass of concerteis applied from one side by means of aitrowel or plasterers float, and forced through the nearest fabric sheet, around the skeleton rod center, and through the farthest fabric sheet. The concrete mass protruding through said last fabric sheet being subsequently smoothed down or left unfinished as the judgment of the builder may suggest. With the described construction a very strong and extremely thin wall is provided in a rapid and economical manner." In the case of the double. lower wall construction before described, the sheets of wire fabric need not be applied to the inner skeleton rod center until after the, outer skeleton rod center has had its sheets of fabric and mass of concreteapplied, in that the large mesh of the inner skeleton center will permit of the operator reaching, in a convenient manner, the inner surface of the outer wall to smooth down or otherwise manipulate said surface. y

Having thus fully described my said,invention what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is i 17 In a reinforced concrete car body or like structure, the combination of a skeleton frame formed by a series of round vertical osts and upper, lower and intermediate round beams connected together, and a skelevertical strands, each attached by a loop and fastening means to an'intermediate, hori-- zontal beam and extending down and around a lower horizontal beam, thence to an upper horizontal beamand across to an opposite upper horizontal beam, thence down to a lower horizontal beam and around the same, thence up to an intermediate horizontal beam and secured thereto by a loop and fastening means.

2". In a reinforced concrete car body or like 'tructure, the combination of a skeeton frame formed by a series of round vertical posts and upper, lower and intermediate round beams connected together, and a skeleton center comprising in part a series of lower horizontal strands, each attached by a loop and fastening means to an intermediate post and extending to and around a corner post and across to an opposite corner post, thence to an opposite intermediate post and around the same, and thence back in a reverse direction to the first intermediate post and attached thereto by a loop and fastening means.

posts and upper, lower and intermediate round beams connected together, and a skele- 7e ton center comprising in part a series of an pe r horizontal strands, each attached bye doop and fastening means to intermediate post and extending to and around a cornir post and across thence to an oppositeintermediate post secured thereto by a loop and fastening means.

4. In a reinforced concrete car like structure, the combination of a frame formed by a series: of round vertical posts and upper, lower and intermediate round beams connected together, and a'skeleton center comprising in part, a series of VerticaLstrandS, fastening, means to an intermediate horizontal beam and extending down and around a lower horizontal beam, thence to an upper horizontal beam and across to an opposite upbody or per horizontal beam, thence down to a. lower 9 horizontal beam and around the same, thence up to an intermediate horizontal beam and secured thereto by a loop and fastening means, and a series of lower horizontal strands,

each attached by a loop and fastening means 95 to an intermediate post and extending to and around a corner post and across to an opposite corner post,'thence to an opposite intermediate post and around the same, and thence back in a loop and fastening means.

n5. In a reinforced concrete car body or like structure, the combination of a skeleton frame formed posts and upper, lower and intermediate round beams connected together, and a skeleton center comprising in part, a series of vertical strands, each attached by a loop and fastening horizontal beam and extending down and around a lower horizontal beam, thence to an upper horizontal beam and across to an opposite upper horizontal beam, thence down to a lower horizontal beam and around the 115 same, thence up to an intermediate horizontal beam and secured thereto by a loop and fastening means, and a series of upper horizontal strands, each attached by a loop and fastening means to an intermediate extending to and around a corner post and across to an opposite corner post, thence to an'opposite intermediate post and secured thereto by a loop and fastening means.

(3. I like structure, the combination of a skeleton frame formed by a series of round vertical posts and upper, lower and intermediate round beams connected together, and a skeleton cen to an opposite corner post,

skeleton each attaeh'edby a loop and reverse direction to thefirst intermediate post and attached thereto by a by a series of round vertical means to an intermediate post and 1 20 ii a reinforced concrete car body or comprmng in part, a series "and fastening means to an intermediate horizontal and onto and secured moons, and a series of dle o'nal bracing rods ding down and around a lower llfllflZO'iliLd beam, thenceto an upper horizontal heron and across to an opposite upper horizontal beam, thence down to a. lower in zen beam and around the some, thence up to an intermediate horizontal beam and secured thereto by a loop and fastening means, a series of lower horizontal strands, each attached by a loop and fastening means to an intermediate post and extending to and eround a corner post and across to an opposite corner post, thence to an opposite intermediate post and around the same, and thence back in a reverse direction to the first intermediate post and attached thereto by a loop and fastening means, and o series of upper horizontal strands, each attached by a loop and-fasten ing means to an intermediate post and extending to and around corner post and across to an opposite corner oost, thence to an opposite intermediate post end'secured thereto by a loop and fastening means,

'i'. In a reinforced concrete car body or like structur the combination of skeleton frame formed by e series of round vertical posts and upper, lower end intermediate round beams connected together, and a skeleton center coinprisi in. part, a series of vertical strands, each attached by a loop -nd fastening Inez, t an intermediate hor1- ontal beam and attending down and around iower horizontal beam, thencc'to an upper iaontal beam 1 across to on opposite upper horizontal l thence down to a lower horizontal beam and around the same, thence up to an intermediate horizontal beam thereto by a loop and fastening attached to the upper ano lower horizontal beams by loops and fastening means.

8. In a reinforced concrete car body or like structure, the combination of a skeleton frame formed by a series of round vertical posts end upper,- lower and intermediate round beams connected together, and a skeleton center comprising in part a series of horizontal strands each attached by a loop and fastening means to the posts of the structure, and a series of diagonal bracing rods attached to the uppcrvitnd lower h0g1 I skeleton. center comprising in part, a series of vertical strandscach attached by a loop and fastening means to an intermediate herizontal beam and extending down and around a-lower horizontal beam-,thence to an upper horizontal beam' and across to an opposite upper horizontal beam, thence down to a lower horizontal beeln and around the same, thence up to an intermediate horizontal beam and secured thereto by a loop and fastening means, and a series of diagonal bracing rods, attached to the'upper and lower horizontal beams by loops and fastening means and looped around the intermediate horlzontal beams. I

10. In a 1"e1nforced concrete car body or like structure, the combination of a skeleton frame formed by a series of round vertical posts and upper, lower and. intermediate round beams connected together, a skeleton center therefor, a series of saddle pieces having depending knees, anflujnderframe;

angle brackets secured to the sidef sills of said underframe,'and means for'securing' the saddle pieces to said angle bracket-s. '1" v 11. In a reinforced concrete car bodyor like structure, the combination of a skeleton frame formed by a series of round vertical posts and upper, lowers-rid intermediate round beams connected together, a skeleton center therefor, an underframe, angle brack ets secured to a cross tie of said underframe and bearing platessjand bolts connecting the skeleton centers of floor with said brackets. I

Signed at Chicago, Illinois, this 12th day of April 1909.

GEORGE M. GRAHAM.

Witnesses ROBERT BURNS, L. HOLDEN. 

